In the current project, I have come across cement lined pipes. Initially, I thought they’d be similar to (not exactly) GRP pipes. However, that does not seem to be the case.

The first and understandable part was, it is used mostly in water service. It prevents corrosion and adds to the pipe’s life. There is some good information at below site:
http://www.cementlining.com/clci/faqs.htm

However, I could not comes across, drawings and pictures of Cement Lined Pipes and Fittings. I have few queries:

1. Are these fittings (especially pipes, elbows and tees) flanged? Or are there other options?
2. What are the additional precautions to be taken while designing?
3. Is there any standard that applies to such cases (probably AWWA)?
4. Specifically,pipe collar is being used at elbows and tees. Why?

One precaution that one experienced Material Engineer had once told me was to mentioning cement lining while procuring butterfly valves. The valves would need reduced size of leaf.

Thank you.