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    This dissertation seeks to provide an in-depth study being done on to why there is no substantial cost (man-hour) saving per Piping Isometric through the use of automated CAD systems such as PDS, compared with manual generation. Manually generated isometrics take on average between 12 and 14 hours to produce and isometrics generated through automation should take on average, 6 hours.
    The isometric composes of tasks, roles, rules, specification, communication, supervision and quality checks. It is born from a P&ID which is regarded as the heart of this deliverable. From the P&ID, material specifications, equipment and instrument datasheets are generated. The process is comprehensive as it includes all elements of engineering and the relationship or interaction between the disciplines at all levels.
    It is useful to explain the inter-relationship between the engineering processes that influence the final outcome of this document. Here, the general concepts and principles of plant layout become evident. This involves efficiencies of process flow, the rules and specifications which govern the placement of equipment types in relation to pipe racks and grouping of pipe lines are applied.

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