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We always called them spools, "pup" is a bit too cutesy-sounding.
The ultimate answer is in the ASME codes (heat-affected zones), surely everyone here is familiar with these.
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A "pup" called a spool. Thats one long pup piece. And ive never heard anyone in the piping industry used the word spool if he meant a pup piece.
The Code (im assuming the B31) has nothing related to the min. spacing between the circumferential weld joints - well at least in the b31.3-2002.
Doesn't PUP mean Pipe Up Piece? I had seen this term being used in Ball valves (non flanged) with soft trim. Not sure about site parlance though.
To me PUP....god knows where the term comes from originally is simply the piece of pipe between two fittings. If I were in the field and measured a pipe between its two welds I would say PUP = XX inches. It seems to be a more regional term. When I worked in Alberta, Canada it was used all the time but, when I was in Ontario, Canada or Denver, USA they called it "the pipe":) The term PUP was understood but only vaguely. Thats my 2 cents and I'm sticking to it haha